List of 150 Medical Tests With Short Introduction by clinic side

List of 150 Medical Tests With Short Introduction

In this blog post, we’ve categorized various medical tests to make it easy for you to understand them. Whether you’re curious about blood tests, imaging scans, or genetic testing, this comprehensive guide provides a clear and concise overview to help you navigate these essential diagnostic tools. Ready to learn about the tests? Let’s get started.

List of 150 Medical Tests With Short Introduction

Blood Tests

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures the levels of different cells in your blood to check for conditions like anemia or infection.
  • Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): Assesses basic bodily functions by measuring electrolytes and kidney function.
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): Provides a broader look at your metabolism, including liver and kidney function.
  • Lipid Panel: Checks cholesterol levels to assess the risk of heart disease.
  • Liver Panel: Evaluates liver function and helps diagnose liver disorders.
  • Thyroid Function Tests: Measures thyroid hormone levels to check for thyroid disorders.
  • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Monitors long-term blood sugar control in diabetes.
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Detects inflammation in the body.
  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Measures inflammation by assessing how quickly red blood cells settle.
  • Blood Cultures: Identifies infections in the bloodstream.
  • D-dimer Test: Helps diagnose blood clotting disorders.
  • Prothrombin Time (PT): Measures how long it takes blood to clot.
  • International Normalized Ratio (INR): Standardizes PT results to monitor blood-thinning medications.
  • Ferritin: Indicates iron stores in the body.
  • Folate: Measures vitamin B9 levels for assessing anemia and nutritional status.
  • Vitamin B12: Checks vitamin B12 levels for diagnosing anemia and neurological issues.
  • Iron Studies: Evaluates iron levels to diagnose anemia or iron overload.
  • Insulin: Measures insulin levels to help diagnose and manage diabetes.
  • Glucose Tolerance Test: Assesses how well your body handles glucose.

Urine Tests

  • Urinalysis: Examines urine for signs of disease or infection.
  • Urine Culture: Identifies bacteria causing urinary tract infections.
  • 24-Hour Urine Collection: Measures substances in urine over a full day to assess kidney function.
  • Microalbuminuria: Detects early kidney damage in diabetes and hypertension.
  • Urine Cytology: Looks for abnormal cells in the urine to diagnose bladder cancer.
  • Imaging Tests
  • X-rays: Creates images of bones and organs to detect fractures or diseases.
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Produces detailed cross-sectional images of the body using X-ray technology.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Creates detailed pictures of organs and tissues using strong magnetic fields and radio waves.
  • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to visualize organs and structures inside the body.
  • Mammography: X-ray imaging to screen for breast cancer.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Provides images showing the function and metabolism of tissues and organs.
  • Bone Density Scan (DEXA): Measures bone strength and risk of osteoporosis.
  • Fluoroscopy: Real-time X-ray imaging to observe moving body structures.
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS): Analyzes chemical composition of tissues.
  • Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): Shows blood flow and activity in organs.
  • Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE): Provides detailed images of the heart through the esophagus.
  • Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI): Evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • Cardiac MRI: Produces detailed images of the heart’s structure and function using magnetic fields.
  • Cardiac CT Angiography (CTA): Visualizes coronary arteries to detect blockages.
  • Chest CT Scan: Detailed images of the chest to detect lung diseases and other conditions.

Cardiac Tests

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Records the heart’s electrical activity to detect abnormalities.
  • Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart’s structure and function.
  • Stress Test: Evaluates heart function during physical exertion.
  • Holter Monitor: Continuously tracks heart rhythms for 24-48 hours.
  • Cardiac Catheterization: Examines heart function and blood flow using a catheter.
  • Coronary Angiography: Visualizes coronary arteries to detect blockages.
  • Tilt Table Test: Evaluates causes of fainting by monitoring blood pressure and heart rate changes.
  • Gastrointestinal Tests
  • Endoscopy: Uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the digestive tract.
  • Colonoscopy: Examines the colon and rectum for abnormalities.
  • Sigmoidoscopy: Inspects the lower section of the colon for abnormalities.
  • Capsule Endoscopy: Swallowed capsule with a camera takes images of the digestive tract.
  • Barium Swallow: X-ray imaging to assess swallowing and esophageal function.
  • Stool Tests: Analyzes stool samples for infections, blood, and digestive problems.
  • Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) Test: Detects bacteria causing stomach ulcers.
  • Lactose Intolerance Test: Assesses how well your body digests lactose.
  • Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Checks for hidden blood in the stool.
  • Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): Detects hidden blood in the stool.
  • Hydrogen Breath Test: Diagnoses lactose intolerance and bacterial overgrowth.
  • Esophageal pH Monitoring: Tracks acid levels in the esophagus over a period of time
  • Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Detailed imaging of the small intestine using a swallowed capsule.

Respiratory Tests

  • Spirometry: Measures lung function and airflow.
  • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Evaluate different aspects of lung function to diagnose respiratory conditions.
  • Bronchoscopy: Examines the airways using a flexible tube with a camera.
  • Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): Measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
  • Lung Biopsy: Removes tissue from the lung for examination.
  • Diffusion Capacity (DLCO): Assesses how well oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood.
  • Methacholine Challenge Test: Diagnoses asthma by assessing airway sensitivity.
  • Neurological Tests
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG): Measures electrical activity in the brain.
  • Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): Evaluates the speed and strength of electrical signals in nerves.
  • Electromyography (EMG): Assesses muscle and nerve function.
  • Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Collects cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.
  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Visualizes blood vessels in the brain.
  • Evoked Potentials (EP): Measures electrical activity in response to stimuli.
  • Cerebral Angiography: Visualizes blood vessels in the brain.
  • Cancer Screening Tests
  • Pap Smear: Screens for cervical cancer.
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Detects prostate cancer.
  • BRCA Gene Test: Identifies genetic risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
  • CA-125 Test: Monitors ovarian cancer.
  • Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test: Screens for liver cancer.
  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Test: Monitors colorectal and other cancers.
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Test: Detects certain cancers and pregnancy.
  • Biopsy (e.g., needle, surgical): Removes tissue for examination.
  • Cytogenetics: Studies chromosomes for cancer diagnosis.
  • Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): Detects genetic abnormalities.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Utilizes antibodies to detect specific proteins within tissue samples.
  • Liquid Biopsy: Detects cancer DNA in the blood.
  • Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA): Monitors cancer through DNA fragments in the blood.

Hormone Tests

  • Testosterone: Measures levels of the male hormone testosterone.
  • Estradiol and/or Estrone Testing : Measures levels of the female hormone estrogen.
  • Serum Progesterone: Monitors levels of the hormone progesterone.
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Blood Test: Assesses reproductive health.
  • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Blood Test: Evaluates fertility and reproductive function.
  • Cortisol Blood Test: Measures stress hormone levels.
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Evaluates adrenal gland function.
  • Growth Hormone (GH) Test: Assesses growth disorders.
  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Monitors calcium regulation in the body.
  • Prolactin Blood Test: Measures the hormone that stimulates milk production.

Infectious Disease Tests

  • HIV Test: Detects the human immunodeficiency virus.
  • Hepatitis Panel: Screens for hepatitis A, B, and C infections.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) Test: Detects tuberculosis infection.
  • Rapid Strep Test: Diagnoses strep throat.
  • Monospot Test: Detects mononucleosis.
  • COVID-19 Test: Identifies the presence of COVID-19 virus.
  • Influenza Test: Diagnoses flu infections.
  • Bloodborne Pathogen Panel: Screens for blood-transmitted infections.
  • Hepatitis A, B, and C Tests: Detects specific hepatitis infections.
  • Lyme Disease Test: Diagnoses Lyme disease.
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Test: Detects EBV infection.
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Test: Diagnoses CMV infection.
  • Syphilis Test (RPR or VDRL): Screens for syphilis.
  • Chlamydia Test: Detects chlamydia infection.
  • Gonorrhea Test: Diagnoses gonorrhea.
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Test: Detects herpes infections.

Genetic Tests

  • Karyotyping: Analyzes chromosomes for genetic disorders.
  • Gene Sequencing: Identifies mutations in specific genes.
  • Carrier Screening: Determines if you carry genes for inherited diseases.
  • Prenatal Genetic Testing: Screens for genetic abnormalities in a fetus.
  • Microarray Analysis: Detects small genetic changes.
  • Whole Exome Sequencing: Analyzes all the protein-coding parts of the genome.
  • Whole Genome Sequencing: Analyzes the entire genome.
  • Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Screens for genetic disorders in a fetus using a blood sample from the mother.
  • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD): Tests embryos for genetic diseases before implantation.
  • Fragile X Syndrome Test: Diagnoses Fragile X syndrome.

Autoimmune Disease Tests

  • Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test: Detects autoimmune diseases.
  • Rheumatoid Factor (RF): Diagnoses rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP): Identifies rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Measures inflammation.
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Detects inflammation.
  • Anti-dsDNA: Diagnoses lupus.
  • Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) Antibody: Identifies lupus.

Allergy Tests

  • Skin Prick Test: Identifies allergic reactions to specific substances.
  • Intradermal Test: Diagnoses allergies using injections under the skin.
  • Patch Test: Detects allergic skin reactions.
  • Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST): Measures specific allergy antibodies in the blood.
  • ImmunoCAP: Detects and quantifies allergen-specific IgE antibodies.

Obstetric and Gynecological Tests

  • Amniocentesis: Collects amniotic fluid to test for genetic abnormalities in a fetus.
  • Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Tests placental tissue for genetic disorders.
  • Hysteroscopy: Examines the inside of the uterus.
  • Pelvic Ultrasound: Visualizes the female reproductive organs.
  • Fetal Non-Stress Test (NST): Monitors fetal heart rate and movement.
  • Biophysical Profile (BPP): Assesses fetal health through ultrasound and NST.

Renal Tests

  • Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Measures kidney function.
  • Renal Ultrasound: Visualizes the kidneys.
  • Kidney Biopsy: Removes kidney tissue for examination.
  • Creatinine Clearance Test: Assesses kidney function by measuring creatinine levels.

Hematological Tests

  • Bone Marrow Biopsy: Examines bone marrow for blood disorders.
  • Flow Cytometry: Analyzes cell characteristics in blood or bone marrow.
  • Coombs Test (Direct and Indirect): Detects antibodies that attack red blood cells.
  • Haptoglobin: Measures protein levels to diagnose hemolytic anemia.
  • Reticulocyte Count: Evaluates bone marrow function by measuring immature red blood cells.

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